Types, characteristics and application of tapered roller bearings

According to the introduction of Baidu Encyclopedia, tapered roller bearing belongs to separate bearing. The inner and outer rings of tapered roller bearing have tapered raceway. According to the number of installed rollers, it can be divided into single row, double row and four row tapered roller bearings.

Tapered roller bearing features: tapered roller bearing design, the inner ring, outer ring of the raceway surface and roller cone apex gathered in the bearing center axis of a point, radial load acting on the bearing, produce axial force. Therefore, it is necessary to use the two bearings face to face, or as a pair of double bearings, double row bearings. Tapered roller bearings mainly bear the radial and axial combined load. The bearing capacity depends on the raceway angle of the outer ring. The larger the angle is, the greater the bearing capacity is. This kind of bearing belongs to separate type. There are conical inner ring and outer ring raceways, and tapered rollers are arranged between them. The projection lines of all conical surfaces converge at the same point of the bearing axis. This design makes tapered roller bearings particularly suitable for compound (radial and axial) loads. The axial load capacity of the bearing is mostly determined by the contact angle α; the larger the angle α is, the higher the axial load capacity will be. The angle is expressed by the calculation coefficient E; the larger the value of E is, the larger the contact angle is, and the greater the applicability of bearing under axial load is.

Purpose: tapered roller bearings are widely used in automobile, rolling mill, mining, metallurgy, plastic machinery and other industries.

Types of tapered roller

1、 Single row tapered roller bearing

The single row tapered roller bearing has an outer ring. The inner ring and a group of tapered rollers are wrapped into an inner ring assembly by a basket cage. The outer ring and the inner ring assembly can be separated. In addition, the single row tapered roller bearings can adjust the clearance size during the installation process. This kind of bearing can only limit the axial displacement of the shaft or shell in one direction and bear the axial load in one direction.

Size range of single row tapered roller bearing:

Inner diameter range: 20 mm ~ 1270 mm

Outer diameter range: 40mm ~ 1465mm

Width range: 15mm ~ 240mm

Single row tapered roller bearing: single row tapered roller bearing is divided into metric series and English series. In the design, the cone fixed point of the inner and outer ring and roller is consistent with a point on the center line of the bearing. Therefore, the true motion of the roller on the rolling surface depends on the combined force from the raceway surface of the inner and outer rings and is guided by the extrusion of the large rib of the inner ring. This kind of bearing is especially suitable for radial load, unidirectional axial load and their combined load, and has large load capacity. The larger the contact angle is, the larger the axial load capacity is. Generally, two sets of bearings are used in pairs. Tapered roller bearings are mostly used in automobile rear axle hub, large machine tool spindle, high-power reducer, roller of conveying device, etc. The cage generally adopts stamping cage, but the large bearing adopts turning cage or pin cage.

2、 Double row tapered roller bearing

The outer ring (or inner ring) of double row tapered roller bearing is a whole. The small end faces of the two inner rings (or outer rings) are close, and there is a spacer in the middle. This kind of bearing can bear both radial load and bidirectional axial load at the same time, and can limit the bidirectional axial movement of the shaft or shell within the axial clearance range of the bearing.

Size range of double row tapered roller bearing:

Inner diameter range: 38mm ~ 1560mm

Outer diameter range: 70mm ~ 1800mm

Width range: 50mm ~ 460mm

Double row tapered roller bearing:

Double row tapered bearings are externally oriented (using double row outer ring) and inwardly oriented (using double row inner ring). The internal clearance of the bearing should be adjusted before leaving the factory, and the parts of the same production model should be assembled and used according to the symbol requirements. Because of the increase of the number of roller rows, the radial load capacity of double row tapered roller bearing increases. At the same time, it can also bear larger bidirectional axial load. It is mainly used to bear the radial and axial combined load which is mainly radial load. It can limit the axial displacement of the shaft (or shell) in both directions, so it can be used for bidirectional axial positioning.

Four row tapered roller bearings:

The four row tapered roller bearing consists of two double row inner rings, one double row outer ring and two single row outer rings. It can bear large bidirectional axial load, but the limit speed is low. It can limit the axial displacement of shaft (or shell) in two directions within the range of bearing axial clearance, so it can be used for bidirectional axial positioning. The radial and axial clearance of the bearing can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the spacer between the inner ring and the outer ring. High rated load, mainly used in rolling mill roll neck and other heavy load places. This kind of bearings use carburized steel, large bearings also use hollow rollers and pin cages, in order to increase the bearing life.

3、 Four row tapered roller bearing

Four row tapered roller bearings:

The four row tapered roller bearing consists of two double row inner rings, one double row outer ring and two single row outer rings. It can bear large bidirectional axial load, but the limit speed is low. It can limit the axial displacement of shaft (or shell) in two directions within the range of bearing axial clearance, so it can be used for bidirectional axial positioning. The radial and axial clearance of the bearing can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the spacer between the inner ring and the outer ring. High rated load, mainly used in rolling mill roll neck and other heavy load places. This kind of bearings use carburized steel, large bearings also use hollow rollers and pin cages, in order to increase the bearing life.

The performance of this kind of bearing is basically the same as that of double row tapered roller bearing, but it bears more radial load than double row tapered roller bearing, and its limit speed is slightly lower. It is mainly used in heavy machinery, such as rolling mill, etc.

Size range of four row tapered roller bearings:

Inner diameter range: 130mm ~ 1600mm

Outer diameter range: 200 mm ~ 2000 mm

Width range: 150 mm ~ 1150 mm

4、 Multi seal double and four row tapered roller bearings

Multi seal double row and four row tapered roller bearings change the traditional design method of fully sealed bearings, and adopt a new sealing structure combining seal and dust prevention, so as to improve the sealing effect and sealing performance. Compared with the open structure bearing, the service life is increased by 20% - 40%, and the lubricant consumption is reduced by 80%.

Through the above introduction, you have a certain understanding of the classification and characteristics of tapered roller bearings. I believe that you will be more handy in the selection and use process in the future. With the development of society and the progress of technology, I think the types of tapered roller bearings will be more and more abundant, and our needs will be more and more satisfied.